Cancer myth:Talcum powder and cancer
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Origin of the myth
Talcum powder is produced from magnesium trisilicate, which in its natural form contains asbestos, a known carcinogen. Thus there is fear that using talcum powder can cause cancer.
Current evidence
Since 1973, talcum powders are required by law to be asbestos-free. However, a number of studies have been conducted on the link between ovarian cancer and using asbestos-free talcum powder on the external genital (perineal) area.
A study published in 1997 found that women with ovarian cancer were more likely to
have used talcum powder or genital deodorant on their perineal area. Women who had
used these products were 50-90% more likely to develop ovarian cancer. This study
measured past use of talcum powder, some of which would have been prior to regulation
of asbestos in talcum powder.[1]
A meta-analysis of 16 studies and 11,933 participants found an increase in ovarian
cancer amongst talc users, however did not find a causal link. The increase in risk was
attributed to other (confounding) factors. For a causal link to be established higher
doses should lead to increased risk (dose-response). As the effect was not dose
dependant, interpretation of the result should be cautious.[2]
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies talc-based body
powders as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The Report on Carcinogens is a list of
known or reasonably anticipated human carcinogens (cancer causing substances).
Magnesium trisilicate is not included in this list.[3, 4]
Summary
Talcum powder is an interesting example of a cancer myth with a foundation in truth.
Prior to the regulation of talcum powder in 1973, the asbestos in talc could reasonably
be anticipated to increase cancer risk. Now, though, talc is processed differently and is
considered safe for use on the external genitals.
References
1. Cook, L.S., M.L. Kamb, and N.S. Weiss, Perineal powder exposure and the risk of
ovarian cancer. Am J Epidemiol, 1997. 145(5): p. 459-65.
2. Huncharek, M., J.F. Geschwind, and B. Kupelnick, Perineal application of cosmetic
talc and risk of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis of 11,933 subjects
from sixteen observational studies. Anticancer Res, 2003. 23(2C): p. 1955-60.
3. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Volume 93: Carbon Black,
Titanium Dioxide and Non-Asbestiform Talc, in IARC Monographs on the
Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, IARC, Editor. 2006, IARC: Lyon, France.
4. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 11th Report on Carcinogens.
2005, Public Health Service - National Toxicology Program,.
